Efavirenz: Essential Facts for Anyone on HIV Treatment

If you or someone you know is dealing with HIV, efavirenz likely comes up as a key medication. It’s used in antiretroviral therapy to keep the virus under control. But what exactly is efavirenz, and what should you watch out for? Let’s break it down in a simple way.

What Is Efavirenz and How Does It Work?

Efavirenz is part of a group of drugs called non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). This means it blocks the HIV virus from making copies of itself, which helps reduce the virus’s presence in your body. Doctors often prescribe it as part of a combination treatment, not as a standalone option. This teamwork approach makes it harder for the virus to resist the drugs.

Taking efavirenz regularly helps keep your immune system strong and slows down the progression of HIV to AIDS. The medication usually comes as a pill taken once a day, usually before bedtime to reduce some of the side effects.

What to Expect: Side Effects and Practical Tips

Like many HIV meds, efavirenz can cause side effects. These might include dizziness, vivid dreams, or trouble concentrating when you first start taking it. Some people feel these effects settle down after a few weeks, but if they stick around or become intense, it’s important to chat with your doctor.

Another thing to keep in mind is how you take efavirenz. Fatty meals can increase the amount of drug your body absorbs, which might boost side effects, so following your healthcare provider’s advice on food is key. Also, be open about any other medications or supplements you use—some might clash with efavirenz.

Staying on track with your doses is the best way to keep the virus in check and avoid resistance to the medicine. If you ever miss a dose, don’t double up next time; just get back on schedule and talk to your care team if you’re unsure.

Efavirenz has been around for years, so there’s a lot of real-world experience behind it. It’s proven effective when used right, but everyone's body reacts differently. Being informed and working closely with your healthcare provider will help you get the best results from your treatment.